Quiz Security, Professional (JNCIP-SEC)

To enable advanced policy-based routing in Junos OS and activate a static route with a next-hop
address in the inet.0 table within your routing instance, you should utilize RIB groups. RIB groups
allow you to import routes from one routing table to another. In this scenario, the static route within
the routing instance needs access to the inet.0 routes, which is facilitated by configuring a RIB group.
Juniper’s documentation outlines RIB groups as a necessary component for handling instances where
routes need to be shared across routing tables, thereby ensuring seamless traffic flow through
specified routes. For more details, refer to the Juniper Networks Documentation on RIB Groups.
In Junos OS for SRX Series devices, when enabling advanced policy-based routing and configuring a
static route with a next-hop from the inet.0 routing table, the issue arises because the static route is
not being used in the routing instance. This is a common scenario when the next-hop belongs to a
different routing table or instance, and the routing instance is not aware of that next-hop.
To resolve this, RIB (Routing Information Base) groups are used. RIB groups allow routes from one
routing table (RIB) to be shared or imported into another routing table. This means that the routing
instance can import the necessary routes from inet.0 and make them available for the routing
instance where the policy-based routing is applied.
Detailed Steps:
Configure the Static Route: First, configure the static route pointing to the next-hop in inet.0. Here’s
an example:
bash
set routing-options static route 10.1.1.0/24 next-hop 192.168.1.1
This static route will be placed in the inet.0 routing table by default.
Create and Apply a RIB Group: To import routes from inet.0 into the routing instance, create a RIB
group configuration. This will allow the static route from inet.0 to be visible within the routing
instance.
Example configuration for the RIB group:
bash
set routing-options rib-groups RIB-GROUP import-rib inet.0
set routing-options rib-groups RIB-GROUP import-rib <routing-instance-name>.inet.0
This configuration ensures that routes from inet.0 are imported into the specified routing instance.
Apply the RIB Group to the Routing Instance: Once the RIB group is configured, apply it to the
appropriate routing instance:
bash
set routing-instances <routing-instance-name> routing-options rib-group RIB-GROUP
Verify Configuration: Use the following command to verify that the static route has been imported
into the routing instance:
bash
show route table <routing-instance-name>.inet.0
The output should now display the static route imported from inet.0.
Juniper Security Reference:
RIB Groups Overview: Juniper's documentation provides detailed information on how RIB groups
function and how to use them to share routes between different routing tables. This is essential for
scenarios involving policy-based routing where routes from one instance (like inet.0) need to be
available in another instance. Reference: Juniper Networks Documentation on RIB Groups.
By using RIB groups, you ensure that the static route from inet.0 is available in the appropriate
routing instance for policy-based routing to function correctly. This avoids the need for other
methods like filter-based forwarding or transparent mode, which do not address the specific issue of
static route visibility across routing instances.

Understanding the Flow Log Output:
From the flow logs in the exhibit, we can observe the following key events:
The session creation was initiated (flow_first_create_session), but the policy search failed
(flow_first_policy_search), which implies that no matching policy was found between the zones
involved (zone trust-> zone dmz).
The packet was dropped with the reason "denied by policy." This shows that the packet was dropped
either due to no matching security policy or because the default policy denies the traffic (packet
dropped, denied by policy).
The line denied by policy default-policy-logical-system-00(2) indicates that the default security policy
is responsible for denying the traffic, confirming that no explicit security policy was configured to
allow this traffic.
Explanation of Answer A (Dropped by the default security policy):
The log message clearly states that the packet was dropped by the default security policy (default-
policy-logical-system-00). In Junos, when a session is attempted between two zones and no explicit
policy exists to allow the traffic, the default policy is to deny the traffic. This is a common behavior in
Junos OS when a security policy does not explicitly allow traffic between zones.
Explanation of Answer D (Requires traceoptions flag of basic-datapath):
The information displayed in the log involves session creation, flow policy search, and packet
dropping due to policy violations, which are all part of basic packet processing in the data path. This
type of information is logged when the traceoptions flag is set to basic-datapath. The basic-datapath
traceoption provides detailed information about the forwarding process, including policy lookups
and packet drops, which is precisely what we see in the exhibit.
The traceoptions flag host-traffic (Answer C) is incorrect because host-traffic is typically used for
traffic destined to or generated from the Junos device itself (e.g., SSH or SNMP traffic to the SRX
device), not for traffic passing through the device.
To capture flow processing details like those shown, you need the basic-datapath traceoptions flag,
which provides details about packet forwarding and policy evaluation.
Step-by-Step Configuration for Tracing (Basic-Datapath):
Enable flow traceoptions:
To capture detailed information about how traffic is being processed, including policy lookups and
flow session creation, enable traceoptions for the flow.
bash
set security flow traceoptions file flow-log
set security flow traceoptions flag basic-datapath
Apply the configuration and commit:
bash
commit
View the logs:
Once enabled, you can check the trace logs for packet flows, policy lookups, and session creation
details:
bash
show log flow-log
This log will contain information similar to the exhibit, including session creation attempts and
packet drops due to security policy.
Juniper Security Reference:
Default Security Policies: Juniper SRX devices have a default security policy to deny all traffic that is
not explicitly allowed by user-defined policies. This is essential for security best practices. Reference:
Juniper Networks Documentation on Security Policies.
Traceoptions for Debugging Flows: Using traceoptions is crucial for debugging and understanding
how traffic is handled by the SRX, particularly when issues arise from policy misconfigurations or
routing. Reference: Juniper Traceoptions.
By using the basic-datapath traceoptions, you can gain insights into how the device processes traffic,
including policy lookups, route lookups, and packet drops, as demonstrated in the exhibit.

To enable Advanced Policy-Based Routing (APBR) on SRX Series devices, three key components are
necessary: filter-based forwarding, routing instances, and APBR profiles. Filter-based forwarding is
utilized to direct specific traffic flows to a routing instance based on criteria set by a policy. Routing
instances allow the traffic to be managed independently of the main routing table, and APBR profiles
define how and when traffic should be forwarded. These elements ensure that APBR is flexible and
tailored to the network’s requirements. Refer to Juniper's APBR Documentation for more details.
Advanced policy-based routing (APBR) in Juniper's SRX devices allows the selection of different paths
for traffic based on policies, rather than relying purely on routing tables. To enable APBR, the
following core components are required:
Filter-based Forwarding (Answer A): Filter-based forwarding (FBF) is a technique used to forward
traffic based on policies rather than the default routing table. It is essential for enabling APBR, as it
helps match traffic based on filters and directs it to specific routes.
Configuration Example:
bash
set firewall family inet filter FBF match-term source-address 192.168.1.0/24
set firewall family inet filter FBF then routing-instance custom-routing-instance
Routing Instance (Answer C): A routing instance is required to define the separate routing table used
by APBR. You can create multiple routing instances and assign traffic to these instances based on
policies. The traffic will then use the routes defined within the specific routing instance.
Configuration Example:
bash
set routing-instances custom-routing-instance instance-type forwarding
set routing-instances custom-routing-instance routing-options static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop
10.10.10.1
APBR Profile (Answer D): The APBR profile defines the rules and policies for advanced policy-based
routing. It allows you to set up conditions such as traffic type, source/destination address, and port,
and then assign actions such as redirecting traffic to specific routing instances.
Configuration Example:
bash
set security forwarding-options advanced-policy-based-routing profile apbr-profile match application
http
set security forwarding-options advanced-policy-based-routing profile apbr-profile then routing-
instance custom-routing-instance
Other Components:
Routing Options (Answer B) are not a core component of APBR, as routing options define the general
behavior of the routing table and protocols. However, APBR works by overriding these default
routing behaviors using policies.
Policies (Answer E) are crucial in many network configurations but are not a core component of
enabling APBR. APBR specifically relies on profiles rather than standard security policies.
Juniper Security Reference:
Advanced Policy-Based Routing (APBR): Juniper’s APBR is a powerful tool that allows routing based
on specific traffic characteristics rather than relying on static routing tables. APBR ensures that
specific types of traffic can take alternate paths based on business or network needs. Reference:
Juniper Networks APBR Documentation.

Of Answer A (Session Reclassification):
APBR (Advanced Policy-Based Routing) requires the session to be classified based on the specified
rule, which can change midstream as additional packets are processed. If the session was already
established before the APBR rule took effect, the traffic may not be correctly reclassified to match the
new APBR rule, leading to IDP (Intrusion Detection and Prevention) processing instead of being
bypassed. This can occur especially when the session was already established before the rule change.
Explanation of Answer C (Application Services Bypass):
For APBR to work and bypass the IDP service, the application services bypass must be explicitly
configured. Without this configuration, the APBR rule may redirect the traffic, but the IDP service will
still inspect and potentially drop the traffic. This is especially important for traffic destined for specific
sites like social media platforms where bypassing IDP is desired.
Example configuration for bypassing IDP services:
bash
set security forwarding-options advanced-policy-based-routing profile <profile-name> application-
services-bypass
Step-by-Step Resolution:
Reclassify the Session Midstream:
If the traffic was already being processed before the APBR rule was applied, ensure that the session is
reclassified by terminating the current session or ensuring the APBR rule is applied from the start.
Command to clear the session:
bash
clear security flow session destination-prefix <ip-address>
Configure Application Services Bypass:
Ensure that the APBR rule includes the application services bypass configuration to properly bypass
IDP or any other security services for traffic that should not be inspected.
Example configuration:
bash
set security forwarding-options advanced-policy-based-routing profile <profile-name> application-
services-bypass
Juniper Security Reference:
Session Reclassification in APBR: APBR requires reclassification of sessions in real-time to ensure
midstream packets are processed by the correct rule. This is crucial when policies change
dynamically or new rules are added.
Application Services Bypass in APBR: This feature ensures that security services such as IDP are
bypassed for traffic that matches specific APBR rules. This is essential for applications where
performance is a priority and security inspection is not necessary.

When Ethernet interfaces are configured as Layer 2 and added to the same VLAN without being
assigned to a security zone, they will not forward traffic by default. Additionally, because they are
operating in a pure Layer 2 switching mode, they lack the capability to enforce stateful security
policies. For further details, refer to Juniper Ethernet Switching Layer 2 Documentation.
Explanation of Answer A (Unable to Apply Stateful Security Features):
When two interfaces are configured as Layer 2 interfaces and belong to the same VLAN but are not
assigned to any security zone, traffic switched between them is handled purely at Layer 2. Stateful
security features, such as firewall policies, are applied at Layer 3, so traffic between these interfaces
will not undergo any stateful inspection or firewalling by default.
Explanation of Answer C (Interfaces Will Not Forward Traffic):
In Junos, Layer 2 interfaces must be added to a security zone to allow traffic forwarding. Since the
interfaces in this scenario are not part of a security zone, they will not forward traffic by default until
assigned to a zone. This is a security measure to prevent unintended forwarding of traffic.
Juniper Security Reference:
Layer 2 Interface Configuration: Layer 2 interfaces must be properly assigned to security zones to
enable traffic forwarding and apply security policies. Reference: Juniper Networks Layer 2 Interface
Documentation.

When handling traffic that is destined for itself, the SRX examines the host-inbound-traffic
configuration for the ingress interface and the associated security zone. It evaluates whether the
traffic should be allowed based on this configuration. Traffic not addressed to the ingress interface is
handled based on security policies within the junos-host zone, which applies to traffic directed to the
SRX itself. For more details, refer to Juniper Host Inbound Traffic Documentation.
When handling traffic that is destined for the SRX device itself (also known as host-bound traffic), the
SRX follows a specific process to evaluate the traffic and apply the appropriate security policies. The
junos-host zone is a special security zone used for managing traffic destined for the device itself, such
as management traffic (SSH, SNMP, etc.).
Explanation of Answer B (Packet to a Different Interface):
If the packet is destined for an interface other than the ingress interface, the SRX performs a security
policy evaluation specifically for the junos-host zone. This ensures that management or host-bound
traffic is evaluated according to the security policies defined for that zone.
Explanation of Answer C (Packet to the Ingress Interface):
If the packet is addressed to the ingress interface, the device first checks the host-inbound-traffic
configuration for the ingress interface and zone. This configuration determines whether certain types
of traffic (such as SSH, HTTP, etc.) are allowed to reach the device on that specific interface.
Step-by-Step Handling of Host-Bound Traffic:
Host-Inbound Traffic: Define which services are allowed to the SRX device itself:
bash
set security zones security-zone <zone-name> host-inbound-traffic system-services ssh
Security Policy for junos-host: Ensure policies are defined for managing traffic destined for the SRX
device:
bash
set security policies from-zone <zone-name> to-zone junos-host policy allow-ssh match source-
address any
set security policies from-zone <zone-name> to-zone junos-host policy allow-ssh match destination-
address any
Juniper Security Reference:
Junos-Host Zone: This special zone handles traffic destined for the SRX device, including
management traffic. Security policies must be configured to allow this traffic. Reference: Juniper
Networks Host-Inbound Traffic Documentation.